thomas cole Essay -- essays research papers fc

Thomas Cole Painting landscapes was very important during the 19th century. Thomas Cole was one of the most important figures in landscape painting in the United States. He went to many places searching for nature, which he painted to show the unmatchable beauty nature creates. His works of art helped people see and take pride in their great land, which was called America. Cole’s works were often made people feel like they needed to go out in nature and discover the inspiring world of mother earth. Thomas Cole, born on February 1, 1801 in Lancashire, England, found himself at fourteen working as a textile printer and wood engraver in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Cole returned to his parents in 1819 in Ohio; this is were he learned how to oil paint and how to use different kinds of oil painting techniques under the supervision of a portrait painter, Stein. Cole was very impressed and impacted by the landscapes of the â€Å"new world† and how magnificent they were compared to where he came from, which was England. Cole found that art came naturally to him and eventually taught himself how to observe nature and still life. He started by illustrating American trees, plants, animals, and even Native Americans. With his sketches of nature he made several different paintings including his famous â€Å"The Course of Empire†, â€Å"The wood chopper†, and â€Å"The Oxbow.† In early 1826, Thomas Cole was most famous for being the creator of the National Academy of Design. As the founder, Cole was urged by fans to paint American scenery, but Cole desired to create a landscape painting that could express moral and religious meanings. He painted and painted and then in 1836 he married and settled in Catskill, New York to Maria Bartow. In Catskill he made a beautiful landscape painting of the Catskill Mountains and Hudson River. He is said to have made a big impact on artists like Frederick Church and Albert Bierstadt. Sadly, Cole died early of a disease on February 11, 1848. But his life wasn’t fruitless, he helped lead the first school of landscape called the Hudson River School into the making; were many more leading artists came. Thomas Dougherty, Asher Brown Durand, Albert Bierstadt, and others came from the Hudson River School and they all became romantic realists and painted about the American country sides. These realists joined detail panoramic images with moral insights, which ... ...ce with some trees shot out on the nearside of the painting. The image is painted as if the viewers are taken in a moment of time. The artist can’t be seen at a first glance because he is greatly tiny in the picture, but he is in the image. It seems that Cole tries to get the viewer to see beyond their field of vision to see nature’s colors, lights, and artistry. The storm can be seen as humans who will eventually wipeout the wild and replace it with its own possessions. Thomas Cole is one of the best realists out there. He made Americans and non-Americans see beauty in nature, opportunities, possibilities, and a future in America. He didn’t only inspire a nation, but he also inspired many artists to reach their goals in the art world. Cole was a brilliant, talented artist, and did a mighty fine job in effecting the art world. Works Cited The Hudson River School: American Landscape Artists. New York: Smithmark Publishers, 1996. http://faculty.evansville.edu/ Lucie-Smith, Edward. American Realism. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Rev. ed. Vol.2. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995. 973-974. Yaeger, Bert D.

Comparing George Eliot’s Adam Bede and Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Mark

Comparing George Eliot’s Adam Bede and Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market George Eliot’s Adam Bede offers a realistic and highly detailed look into the everyday life of ordinary people in rural Treddleston. Although the characters are fictional, several of them are based upon people Eliot knew or knew of, which adds to the realism. As she delightedly observes and describes the intricacies of the natural, ordinary world, Eliot pays attention to human nature, applying keen psychological insight to characters’ thoughts, choices, and actions. Eliot seems to understand that certain people are a certain way, and she encourages her reader to gently evaluate, rather than hastily judge, both her characters and people in general. Within the novel, Hetty’s infatuation with Arthur, and the personal shame, social ostracism, and legal punishment she experiences as a result, require an extra dose of empathy and understanding. Eliot demonstrates the characteristics that render Hetty liable to a fall and shows, using Dinah as a contrasting example , how the stereotypical perception of the â€Å"fallen woman† needs to be adjusted in order to allow for human weaknesses and mistakes. Christina Rossetti also provides an insightful look into the problem of the â€Å"fallen woman,† and of the perception of this kind of woman, in Goblin Market. Unlike Eliot, who uses realistic characterization and carefully detailed prose, Rossetti relates her views through fantastical characters and highly energized poetry. Although they work within different genres, however, Eliot and Rossetti both challenge the stereotypical understanding of what it means for a woman to be â€Å"innocent† or â€Å"experienced.† Through the contrasting natures of sisters Laura and Lizzie,... ...eaders to challenge their own notions of what is and is not acceptable, and to have compassion on those who, for reasons not always easy to control, have made poor choices. Eliot and Rossetti both seem to realize a paradox of femininity: women must be kept innocent and protected from certain types of knowledge, but if they are not made aware of this knowledge, they may be prone to making foolish choices that cannot be undone. Eliot’s telling of Hetty’s story is like Laura passing on her story to her daughters: they aim to educate women so that they might learn from others’ mistakes. Works Cited Eliot, George. Adam Bede. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Rossetti, Christina. â€Å"Goblin Market.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Victorian Age. Ed. M. H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. 7th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2000. Comparing George Eliot’s Adam Bede and Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Mark Comparing George Eliot’s Adam Bede and Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market George Eliot’s Adam Bede offers a realistic and highly detailed look into the everyday life of ordinary people in rural Treddleston. Although the characters are fictional, several of them are based upon people Eliot knew or knew of, which adds to the realism. As she delightedly observes and describes the intricacies of the natural, ordinary world, Eliot pays attention to human nature, applying keen psychological insight to characters’ thoughts, choices, and actions. Eliot seems to understand that certain people are a certain way, and she encourages her reader to gently evaluate, rather than hastily judge, both her characters and people in general. Within the novel, Hetty’s infatuation with Arthur, and the personal shame, social ostracism, and legal punishment she experiences as a result, require an extra dose of empathy and understanding. Eliot demonstrates the characteristics that render Hetty liable to a fall and shows, using Dinah as a contrasting example , how the stereotypical perception of the â€Å"fallen woman† needs to be adjusted in order to allow for human weaknesses and mistakes. Christina Rossetti also provides an insightful look into the problem of the â€Å"fallen woman,† and of the perception of this kind of woman, in Goblin Market. Unlike Eliot, who uses realistic characterization and carefully detailed prose, Rossetti relates her views through fantastical characters and highly energized poetry. Although they work within different genres, however, Eliot and Rossetti both challenge the stereotypical understanding of what it means for a woman to be â€Å"innocent† or â€Å"experienced.† Through the contrasting natures of sisters Laura and Lizzie,... ...eaders to challenge their own notions of what is and is not acceptable, and to have compassion on those who, for reasons not always easy to control, have made poor choices. Eliot and Rossetti both seem to realize a paradox of femininity: women must be kept innocent and protected from certain types of knowledge, but if they are not made aware of this knowledge, they may be prone to making foolish choices that cannot be undone. Eliot’s telling of Hetty’s story is like Laura passing on her story to her daughters: they aim to educate women so that they might learn from others’ mistakes. Works Cited Eliot, George. Adam Bede. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Rossetti, Christina. â€Å"Goblin Market.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Victorian Age. Ed. M. H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. 7th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2000.

Locate Examples for 8 of the 15 Logical Fallacies Discussed in This Lesson in Your “Dialogues: an Argument Rhetoric and Reader, ” 4th Ed., by Goshgarian, Krueger, and Minc

Composition 2 GE 127 Week 2 minor assignment December 28, 2011 Locate examples for 8 of the 15 logical fallacies discussed in this lesson in your â€Å"Dialogues: An Argument Rhetoric and Reader,† 4th Ed. , by Goshgarian, Krueger, and Minc 1. Ad hominem; An Ad hominem argument is a Latin phrase that attacks the man instead of the argument. Example: You are so stupid your argument couldn't possibly be true. Logical Fallacies or Fallacies in Argumentation retrieved on Jan. 1, 2011 from http://carm. org/logical-fallacies-or-fallacies-argumentation 2. Begging the question is assuming some to be true that you cannot prove – similar to circular reasoning. Example: I think he is unattractive because he is ugly. Beg the question retrieved on Dec. 28, 2011 from http://begthequestion. info/ 3. slippery slope: Presumes a change in procedure, law, or action, will result in adverse consequences. Example: If we allow doctor assisted suicide, then eventually the government will control how we die. List of common fallacies 1997 retrieved on December 28, 2011 from http://nobeliefs. om/fallacies. htm 4. Circular Reasoning Also known as the fallacy of redundancy, begging the question, or tautology, this is when the conclusion or claim is merely a restatement of one of the premises. Christian apologetics is filled with tautologies: Example: Is there a God? Yes. How do you know? Because the Bible says so. How do you know the Bible is correct? Because it was inspired by God. In other words, God is because God is.. How Thinking Goes Wrong ret rieved on Dec. 28, 2011 from http://www. ositiveatheism. org/writ/sherm3. htm 5. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc, or after this, therefore because of this. This fallacy assumes that because one event occurs just prior to another, the first event caused the second. Example: In one recent case, an operations group asked for help solving a problem with the disruption of the flow of one ingredient in a process. The group felt the problem was caused by a rise in the viscosity of another ingredient. Although logic indicated the iscosity of one material had no impact on the flow of the other, the sequence of events led the group to the fallacious conclusion that it did. The key to avoiding this fallacy is the old adage, â€Å"Don't jump to conclusions. † LexisNexis Academics retrieved on Dec. 28, 2011 from http://www. lexisnexis. com. proxy. itt-tech. edu/hottopics/lnacademic/? verb=sr;csi=8406;sr=lni%283VB5-28H0-00H1-023M%29 6. Red Herring Red Herring is when you attempt to confuse the audience by introducing a topic that has nothing to do with the situation at hand. Example, I know your car isn't working right. But, if you had gone to the store one day earlier, you'd not be having this problem. Logical Fallacies or Fallacies in Argumentation retrieved on Jan. 1, 2011 from http://carm. org/logical-fallacies-or-fallacies-argumentation 7. Ad Populum Argument: An argument aimed at appealing to the majority. Example: â€Å"Man could alleviate his misery by marriage. This close companionship enhances the joys of one and mitigated the sorrow of the other, and anyone knew God always provided for married people. Lee Emily Pearson, Elizabethans at Home, (Stanford Univ. Pr. ), 289. Philosophy. Lander. edu retrieved on Jan. 1, 2012 from http://philosophy. lander. edu/logic/popular. html 8. The Bandwagon Appeal. This is committed when someone user irrelevant arguments based on popularity to make a point and is widely used in advertisements, Example: Everyone is selfish; everyone is doing what he believes will make himself happier Harry Browne, â€Å"The Un selfishness Trap† retrieved on Jan. 1, 2012 from How I Found Freedom in an Unfree World (1973).

The Tyra Banks Show and Diversity in the Media

Among the most popular among current TV programs is the Tyra Banks Show which is taped live in front of a live audience in New York. The show, which lasts for an hour and is aired in syndication by Warner Bros., debuted in September 2005. Currently running in its third season, the Emmy Award-winning show has aired over 357 episodes and is set to run for at least two more seasons.(www.wikipedia.com) The Tyra Banks Show is a talk-show fashioned after Oprah Winfrey’s Oprah, which banks on its anchor/creator’s celebrity and fame to draw viewers. The show itself is named after the celebrity who lends credibility and ensures a captive audience from the ranks of millions of adoring fans. The show’s main target, however, are women or specifically, young African-American women who can easily identify with or who wish to emulate its host, Tyra Banks. As a talk-show, the Tyra Banks Show is packaged by its producers to provide an equal dose of information and entertainment to its audience, covering a wide variety of topics from beauty to women’s issues and concerns. Among the notable episodes, however, are the ones where the former supermodel goes on undercover missions to reveal to the viewers the experiences of women in vulnerable situations from Tyra’s own first hand accounts (e.g. women who suffer from weight discrimination, women in prison, and women working in strip clubs). The show also tackles the issue of racial discrimination.(www.tyrashow.com) Interestingly, the Tyra Banks’ success is resoundingly similar to Oprah Winfrey’s own success as a celebrity-host due to the fact that each episode of her TV show puts her in unique situations. For instance, Tyra is made to put on heaps of prosthetics to become a 350-pound woman so she can feel how it feels to be discriminated against because of her weight. She also spent a day in prison to better understand the reasons of women’s incarceration. Clearly, the Tyra Banks Show is an attempt at addressing the diversity in American culture and identity. It was created to provide women, especially African-American women, in response to the growth of the African American population which was seen by advertisers as a â€Å"profitable base for sustaining minority media.† (Dickson 2) Consequently, there has been an observable increase not only in the number of African-American actors, actresses, and TV hosts as the demand for African American-oriented television programs have risen. Undeniably, Tyra’s success in breaking through the male-dominated Hollywood talk show industry is a feat in itself and her being African-American at the same time makes it even more tempting to view her as the epitome of empowerment. Her success in The Tyra Banks Show parallels her success as a runway model at a time when White was the ultimate symbol of beauty and the public was reluctant to widen its standards. Tyra Banks is therefore the perfect representation of a woman who broke through stereotypes, which adds gravity to her capacity and credibility to discuss issues and problems that women and African-American populations confront. However, Tyra’s own identity as a media-invented stereotype of beauty for African-Americans (waif-thin, tall, flawless skin, perfect white teeth) has the ability to contradict the causes she supports.   Tyra’s background as a supermodel, coupled with segments in the show featuring beauty tips and â€Å"Tailored by Tyra makeovers† also negate her advocacy for a beauty ideal that goes beyond physical appearance. Nevertheless, the Tyra Banks show fosters a better understanding of diversity and multi-culturalism. Despite its limitations, its success is a revealing indication that African-American representation is slowly but surely gaining ground in the mainstream media. The show is also a reflection on the lives and culture of African-American communities, which makes it an important source of knowledge for understanding and appreciating the diversity in American society. Works Cited: Dickson, J. (2006). The representation of African-American women in television advertisements. McNair Scholars’ Journal, 1: 1-12. The Tyra Banks Show website accessed on 03/15/2008 from Wikipedia.com accessed on 03/15/2008 from      

Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Over recent years the nature vs. nurture debate has been extensively discussed and researched. Should human characteristics such as intelligence, personality, behavior and ability be attributed to our genetics or our environment? One problem with this is how to pin a trait down to either an inherited or learned characteristic, or perhaps itÂ’s both. Are we to blame for our behavior or is inevitable due to our genetics? This question and others seems to be part of the controversy over the subject. Also, these questions play a factor in how to change and adapt behavior. Different techniques would be more effective depending on the cause of a particular behavior or characteristic. When analyzing the causes of behavior problems in children the question of nature vs. nurture is a legitimate question. One recent study conducted by the University of Virginia and several others including one in Australia studied 1,045 twins and their 2,051 children. Some of the parents were identical twins with others being fraternal. This affected the amount of genes that were shared among the siblings. Participants were twins from a volunteer twin registry and information was gathered through a series of phone interviews beginning in 1993 and ending in 2003. The study discovered that spousal fighting wasnÂ’t to blame for behavioral problems in their children. Rather, it was the genes that influenced how often they argued with spouses. These genes when passed to their children caused more conduct problems. The conclusion of the study was that in family therapy, more focus on the child rather than the parents would be more effective (Society for Research in Child Development, 2007). This conclusion supports the theory that it is nature or our genetics that influence this particular behavior. On the other end of the spectrum another study involved observing children in different childcare settings. Researchers from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development studied the children beginning in 1991 from the age of one month until they were school age. These 1,364 participants were selected at birth and were studied through phone and personal interviews at three month intervals. The childrenÂ’s cognitive and social functioning was measured at certain intervals and followed up to the  children on sixth grade. It was concluded that center based care yielded more aggression and disobedience than other types of childcare, with the quality of childcare was also found to be a factor (Society for Research in Child Development, 2007). This conclusion supports the theory that it is nurture or our environment that influences this particular behavior and the type of care children receive is an important factor in a childÂ’s development. Both of these studies posed the question of whether the cause of a particular problem, this one being behavioral issues, is genetic or ones environment. Both of these studies looked exclusively at one cause or the other with little being discussed about the other possibilities. The differences in the studies was the length of time given to each study with the genetic study being short term and the childcare study involving observations over a period of time. Another difference is the twin study looked at parents of a specific group, that being twins. The child care study looked at the children of many different types of parents. While both of these studies have their merits, neither study was able to conclusively determine the cause of behavioral problems observed as being attributed solely to genetics or the environment. The question of which one plays a greater role will likely continue to be asked. Hopefully this leads to more research and answers that will further our understanding of human behavior. References Society for Research in Child Development (2007, March 26). Center-based Care Yields More Behavior Problems; In Other Types Of Care, Problems Short-lived. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2007/03/070326095340.htm. Society for Research in Child Development (2007, February 7). Parents’ Genes, Not Parents’ Arguing, May Cause Children’s Conduct Problems. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2007/02/070207090943.htm.

Gender Equality In Education

All over the world, education is not only acknowledged to benefit individuals but as well recognized to promote national development. Education expands the life choices and opportunity for both boys and girls; nevertheless, approximately 60 million girls continue to be out of school (â€Å"Gender Equality in Education†). Several government and non-government organization have been continually working to eliminate the disparity between boys and girls by identifying gender-related barriers, evaluating the extent of education disadvantage that the latter confront, and implementing systems to overcome and remove the aforesaid impediments.Basically, ensuring gender equality in education suggests that boys and girls have equal opportunities to enroll and access school, as well as to benefit from, and participate in the array of subjects or other learning practices presented in schools and classrooms. Effective Strategies for Equality In Education An effective approach for educating boys and girls requires incorporating attention to enrollment and admission, in addition to achievement and excellence.Through gender-sensitive teaching-learning methods, learning materials, and curricula, boys and girls in the same way become prepared with the attitudes and life skills needed to achieve their definitive skill, within and beyond the educational system, irrespective of their sex (â€Å"Promoting Gender Equality in Education† 2). Unfortunately, in developing countries, girls generally come up against textbooks, teaching practices, and other school materials that endorse gender stereotypes that are disadvantageous to their educational success.In addition, unsafe school environment creates difficulties to the completion of education, more especially to girls. Keeping girls in schools necessitates donors, policymakers, educators, community members, and parents to look further than enrollment and deal with bigger, related issues. For instance, poor families normall y have to choose between educating their daughters or sons, and more often than not parents routinely prefer to educate their sons.Evidently, decisions are normally not be anchored in the natural skills, aptitudes, or the enthusiasm levels of their children. However, the prearranged gender responsibilities may not automatically benefit boys either, and may even be detrimental to them. Young age boys may experience a profound responsibility to academically perform in order to meet their families’ expectations to be successful. Consequences of Gender Equality In EducationExceptionally numerous children, particularly those form poor families and living in remote or rural areas, constantly needs quality learning opportunities, such as access to a sheltered, nearby school. Child soldiers, trafficked children, orphaned children, displaced children, refugee children, street children, indigenous children, working children, as well as those who are living in conflict areas, and physic ally challenged are not receiving an adequate education (â€Å"Education From A Gender Equality Perspective† 6).Even more unfortunate, being female aggravates an already problematical situation. In many developing countries, girls are less encouraged than boys to stay in school, enroll in school, or less expected to have their educational requirements provided using non-formal approaches (â€Å"Education From A Gender Equality Perspective† 6). Evidently, the most excellent, available development investment is not being totally exploited by these nations. Educating girls takes in significant outcomes.Educating girls to a certain extent generates a higher rate of return than any other investment presented in the developing world. When girls are provided with access to a rights-based, quality education, they have a tendency to postpone marriage, boast healthier and fewer children, and throw in more to nation productivity and family income (â€Å"Education From A Gender E quality Perspective† 6). Whether consideration is focused on primary or secondary education, providing and ensuring access to high quality education is essential if nations are to realize their development objectives.Developing countries that fall short of guaranteeing impartial access to basic education are, as a result, affected by distressing consequences, such as the increase in fertility and increase costs, poverty, malnutrition, and child mortality. Worldwide Status of Gender Inequality In Education According to the visionary educator Dr. Kwegyir Aggrey, â€Å"Educating the men and neglecting the women is the most certain approach to keep a population down† (â€Å"Girl Power: Educating Girls in the 21st Century† n. p. ).Accordingly, a nation basically educates a person if it educates a man; however, a nation educates a family if it educates a woman. The good news these days, however, is that over recent decades a record numbers of girls have swarmed into sc hool. Girls have closed the gender gap with boys, and prevailed over considerable development, social, and economic gains for their communities as well as for themselves. In poor countries, in general, girls’ primary school enrollments in 1990 to 2004 soared from 87 percent to 94 percent; with more girls today in secondary school than in any documented period in history (Mercy and Fort).Nevertheless, despite the fact that inequalities in the enrolment rates in primary and secondary education have decreased, they have not been eradicated up until now. At present, more than two-thirds of the estimated 860 million uneducated persons around the world are women (â€Å"Decent childhoods: Educate both girls and boys†). Conclusion Education is a basic human right, and children regardless of sex, color, nationality and religion are entitled to it. Education is significant to the development of people and societies, as it helps bring about a productive and successful future.For the millions of illiterate children, admission to education is the pathway to an improved life. Moreover, educating girls leads the way for more extensive changes in the work places, societies and families. When governments guarantee access to a rights-based, quality education that is founded on gender equality to their young citizens, it generates a wave effect of benefits that clearly affect future generations. Works Cited â€Å"Decent childhoods: Educate both girls and boys. † June 2008.International Labour Organization. 4 March 2009 . â€Å"Education From A Gender Equality Perspective. † May 2008. USAID. 4 March 2009 . â€Å"Gender Equality in Education. † 20 April 2009. USAID. 4 March 2009 . â€Å"Girl Power: Educating Girls in the 21st Century. † 5 March 2009.The World Bank. 4 March 2009 . â€Å"Promoting Gender Equality in Education. † n. d. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 4 March 2009 . Tembon, Mercy, and L ucia Fort. n. d. â€Å"Girl’s Education in the 21st Century. † The World Bank. 4 March 2009

Relationship Marketing Ryanair

Ryanair was established in the year 1985 by the RYAN family and has grown from a small airline flying a short hop from Waterford to London, into one of the Europe’s largest carriers. The company expanded and within 4 years it had 350 employees, 14 aircraft, and carried 600,000 passengers a year. It is currently serving to 26 European Countries with 148 destinations. It operates on 794 different routes daily serving by more than 1050 flights in a day. It has totally 169 aircrafts running for different routes with 5986number of employees working in it However, Ryanair’s costs rose drastically and it recorded losses of  £20 Million sover four years despite its growth. Although consumers were continuing to fly Ryanair due to its low costs, some type of change was needed in order to revamp the company. Under a new management team, a major overhaul of the airline was undertaken in 1990/91 and it was relaunched as the first of the new breed of ‘Low Frees/no Frills’(Scribd.com(2009)) Company Perspectives: Ryanair is Europe's prominent Low Fares Airline: In 2011 we expect to carry over 6 million passengers across 34 routes. Ryanair have recently added 7 new European routes to our ever expanding network. It is market leader on every course where it competes with Air Lines. Ryanair is convinced that Europe's high-cost and often state-subsidised airlines will be no match for its low cost, no frills formula. Ryanair set to grow by 25% each year, and a US $2 billion order for 45 new aircraft in place, millions of European air travellers will feel the `Ryanair effect' in the years ahead. Literature review: Methodology Validated the dynamic nature of the aviation sector and in particular the evolve nature of ( low cost carrier) LCCs and airport networks this paper can only provide a snap shot at a personal point in time. In their contact with airline operator, airports need transparency and stability involved Ryanair, in the face of severe rivalry from other airports in mainland Europe by submission them a financial package comprising summary landing and handling charge, marketing of the airlines services, office space, pilot place, in addition to payment for employment and education. The issue was therefore one of clearness with the financial incentive seen as a twist of the air transport market. It would come out to be that all â€Å"start-up† deals must be apparent and fair, it may be that in private owned airports maybe more signal to LCCs than those which are publicly own. Benefits to local economy Some publicly own airports have selected to draw LCC with preferential deals in order to challenge to take benefits to the local economy. Whilst such profit may accrue, it can be complex to predict/quantify. For example, the owner of an airport in Southern Europe and the local tourist influence worked together in submission a package of concessions in order to draw a LCC to the airport with the intension of attract tourists to the local economy. As such, the airport paid aeronautical charges, provide a bus link to the town centre and made a financial involvement to advertising the service. It was establish that passengers were with the airport as a transit point on their outside access journey to their holiday objective, leaving only secondary benefit to the local economy and little or no advantage to the airport The 7 P’s of Ryan air marketing: Ryan air is the European low cost airline. Low cost or no frills marketing strategy are of great interest to marketers since the marketing mix employed tends to run in opposition to what makes a large brand – and Ryan air is a great brand and a very popular business. In 2009 the company solve for 30% of its local Irish rival Air Lings after a prolonged takeover bid. Difficult trading disorder meant that Ryanair made its first annual loss in 2008/9. O'Leary put this down secure to rising fuel costs (as did British Airways in the same year). The company also necessary to take into account the burden of purchase its stake in Air Lines. So in reality object are looking good for Ryanair and its budget operation – since the business aimed to fly double the amount of passengers. Ryan air’s marketing mix:- Product or Service. Ryanair has low fares. Low cost, no frills air travel to European destinations. There is no free food or drink onboard. Food and drink are income streams. You buy them onboard, or you do not – take your own food and drink if you like. There are other income streams – or ancillary revenue. The company has bargain with Hertz car rental, and a number of hotel businesses. So Ryanair takes a commission on ‘up selling' i.e. ancillary revenue. Other examples include phone cards and bus tickets. About 16% of profit is made this way. This keeps costs lower. Price 70% of seats are sold at the lowest two fares.30% of seats are charged at higher fares. The last 6% are sold at the highest fare Ryanair sometimes get in trouble with bodies such as the Advertising Standard Authority (ASA) in the UK over differences between advertised and actual price – in fairness to Ryanair these are rare mistakes. Place Ryanair does not use travel agent so it does not pay agency commission. It uses directs marketing technique to recruit and retain customers, and to extend products and services to them (i.e. Customer Relationship Management). This reduces costs. You book online over the Internet. This saves them 15% on agency fees. They are base in Stan stead in Essex – which is known as a secondary airport. It is cheaper to fly from Stan stead than either Heathrow or Gatwick, and since it is less occupied Ryanair can turn aircraft around more alert. Many of Ryanair's destination airports are secondary. For example if you fly to Copenhagen (Denmark) you begin in Malmo (Sweden) – although it is only a short coach trip over the border. Secondary airports .depend upon this single carrier – some (it is rumoured) paying up to  £100, 000 for each extra new route. Costs are lower and aircraft can be turned around faster. Promotion Ryanair employ controversy to promote its business. For example in 2009, the company justification that passengers would be charged  £1 to use the toilets on board. O'Leary reasoned that passengers could use the dying at either the destination or arrival airport. This would rapidity things up. Some of their aircraft are decorated in the uniform of advertisers e.g. News of the World, Jaguar and Kilkenny (beer). People Pilots are recruiting when they are young as pilot cadets. They work hard and take early promotion and then move on after 10-years or so to further their careers. Cabin crew pay for their uniform to be clean. They invest in their own training. They are mainly important for passenger safety as well as ancillary revenue onboard. Physical Evidence They pay as little as likely for their aircraft. Plane are the most expensive asset that an airline can make. They get big discount on aircraft because they buy them when other airlines don't want them, for example after September 11th, or on the spoiling of Iraq and Afghanistan. Aircraft manufacturer cannot simply end a supply chain in minutes. If orders are being cancel or delayed, this is when to buy. It was rumoured within the industry that Ryanair was buying Boeing 737s – list price around  £40,000,000 (forty million pounds) – with up to a 50% discount. Process There is no check in. You easily show your passport and supply your reference number. Beyond any distrust, Ryanair is one of the strategic marketing successes of the last decade. Certainly synergized by Michael O'Leary – the low cost strategy that it employ is unusual and industry changing. In many ways the business has looked intimately at all appearance of it markets and operations to remould the industry and customer expectations in a unique way. The determination here in this post was to introduce a company and its assorted strategies for long run business success. Much of these marketing strategies illustrates are very much Ryan air relationships with customers. Customer Affairs & Service Audit (CASA), are two teams that have been set up by the company to track customer satisfaction and complaints. which are recent additions to network of regional offices in UK/Europe. They have covered areas globally and in doing so they have already reviewed an improvement by 50 % when it comes to dealing with customer complaints as they are being dealt with quickly and in local areas to customers. The service audit team check products and services on regular basis for improvements and for assistance in ensuring success they also have a team of mystery shoppers who will report back any suggestions and changes from a customer point of view. Internal and external checks are carried out all departments from customer services to flight staff. All reports are then reviewed and changes are implemented to ensure customers are receiving a high standard of service and communication with the company. Government Technology Interest Rates Culture Exchange Rates Ryanair has been successful in maintain its rapport and relations with customers and different areas of their services such in flight entertainment, food, tourism and overall services. It also been seen that Ryanair has had some problems in customer relations in reference to airport services as they have received complaints with the method airport staff have treat customers with complaints. Though this has been effectively dealt with by internal departments it still highlights problems that are having with external staff. Emirates can implement a training session that is more focused on them to certify that there processes are getting executed in accordance to what the customer first experiences whilst booking online or through an Ryanair Airline. Ryanair Customer Loyalty â€Å"It offers a comprehensive range of CRM and loyalty solutions† It launched several programmes where they had different levels of rewards schemes for both business flyers and annually holiday flyers. The miles collected can be spent in hotels, high street shops, car rental etc .Schemes for those travelling on Ryanair flights were the miles can be used for in-flight services such as games, special meals were also been introduced. This form of loyalty scheme for existing customers can also be a very attractive way of new customer retention as in the long term they will have benefits firm that they spend today. Their loyalty scheme also targets customers from their other sister companies as it isn’t only exclusive to flyers but also to those that consume other services and products from Ryanair Group They offer competitive loyalty schemes for users and update their schemes as they view the changes in the market place. Customer segmentation The evidence is irrefutable. With marketing budgets person squeezed, marketers see improved targeting as critical. That means improved customer segmentation bas on the ability to score customers’ tendency to buy, churn or default – and react accordingly, at speed. Armed with better customer perceptiveness (such as predictive analytics, uplift modelling and data visualization) you can start to engage customers based on deeper and more significant insights, creating system based dynamic customer segments – a segment of one. The latest customer segmentation solutions are intelligent. They are not finite. They are not static. They are based on sound data management values and fed by a faithful stream of information that reflects changes in customer aspirations and circumstances. It means that campaign can be managed dynamically, in real-time to communicate with customers at what we call ‘moments of truth’ – those seminal mome nts when people are most engaged with the brand.